All Evidence → BSA mappings
New Criminal Laws — Section Mapping

Section 44 IEA → Section 38 BSA

Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved. Opinions of third persons when relevant

Corresponds

Equivalence

Section 44 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 is corresponds as Section 38 BSA (Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved. Opinions of third persons when relevant) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, effective 1 July 2024.

Old law

IEA

Indian Evidence Act, 1872

New law (from 1 July 2024)

BSA

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Educational only — always verify against the bare Act text (India Code) before relying on any provision in a filing or opinion. Not legal advice.

More Evidence → BSA sections

View all Evidence → BSA mappings

Research case law under the new laws

Find judgments citing Section 38 BSA, check whether old IPC/CrPC precedents still apply, and draft court-ready filings — all on LexPilot.

Try LexPilot free

Concordance drawn from the official India Code gazette notifications and verified against LexPilot's corpus of Indian judgments. This tool is for reference only and does not constitute legal advice.

Section 44 IEA → Section 38 BSA (Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved. Opinions of third persons when relevant) | New Criminal Law Mapping · LexPilot